健脾补肾中药对恶性骨肿瘤化疗后骨髓抑制患者外周血象的影响

目的:观察健脾补肾中药对恶性骨肿瘤化疗后骨髓抑制患者外周血象的影响。方法:将符合要求的60例恶性骨肿瘤化疗后骨髓抑制患者随机分为2组,每组30例。联合治疗组采用健脾补肾中药口服联合重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子皮下注射治疗,单纯西药组采用重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子皮下注射治疗;均连续治疗7 d为1个疗程,共治疗1个疗程。比较2组患者治疗前后外周血液中白细胞计数、血红蛋白含量及血小板计数,并评估白细胞、血红蛋白及血小板抑制程度。治疗结束1周后,评价患者临床症状改善情况及生活质量。结果:①白细胞计数。治疗前2组患者的白细胞计数比较,差异无统计学意义[(3.28±0.64)×10⁹个·L^-1,(3.19±0.76)×10⁹个·L^-1,t=0.566,P=0.576];治疗结束1周后,2组患者的白细胞计数均高于治疗前(t=-6.606,P=0.000;t=-3.583,P=0.000),且联合治疗组患者的白细胞计数高于单纯西药组[(8.68±1.75)×10⁹个·L^-1,(4.63±1.20)×10⁹个·L^-1,t=10.954,P=0.000]。②血红蛋白含量。治疗前2组患者的血红蛋白含量比较,差异无统计学意义[(112.47±10.05)g·L^-1,(108.63±9.67)g·L^-1,t=-1.941,P=0.062];治疗结束1周后,2组患者的血红蛋白含量均高于治疗前(t=-11.750,P=0.000;t=-5.695,P=0.000),且联合治疗组患者的血红蛋白含量高于单纯西药组[(140.83±17.36)g·L^-1,(126.87±15.56)g·L^-1,t=4.331,P=0.000]。③血小板计数。治疗前2组患者的血小板计数比较,差异无统计学意义[(121.10±23.51)×10⁹个·L^-1,(126.90±30.52)×10⁹个·L^-1,t=-1.250,P=0.221];治疗结束1周后,2组患者的血小板计数均高于治疗前(t=-12.528,P=0.000;t=-5.846,P=0.000),且联合治疗组患者的血小板计数高于单纯西药组[(224.23±60.28)×10⁹个·L^-1,(187.70±55.89)×10⁹个·L^-1,t=2.741,P=0.010]。④白细胞抑制程度。治疗结束1周后,联合治疗组0度9例、Ⅰ度11例、Ⅱ度7例、Ⅲ度3例,单纯西药组0度4例、Ⅰ度7例、Ⅱ度8例、Ⅲ度6例、Ⅳ度5例;联合治疗组患者的白细胞抑制程度优于单纯西药组(Z=-2.717,P=0.007)。⑤血红蛋白抑制程度。治疗结束1周后,联合治疗组0度8例、Ⅰ度10例、Ⅱ度12例,单纯西药组0度3例、Ⅰ度10例、Ⅱ度6例、Ⅲ度6例、Ⅳ度5例;联合治疗组患者的血红蛋白抑制程度优于单纯西药组(Z=-2.547,P=0.011)。⑥血小板抑制程度。治疗结束1周后,联合治疗组0度11例、Ⅰ度13例、Ⅱ度4例、Ⅲ度2例,单纯西药组0度8例、Ⅰ度7例、Ⅱ度8例、Ⅲ度4例、Ⅳ度3例;联合治疗组患者的血小板抑制程度优于单纯西药组(Z=-2.009,P=0.045)。⑦临床症状改善情况。治疗结束1周后,联合治疗组显著改善13例、部分改善14例、无效3例,单纯西药组显著改善7例、部分改善12例、无效11例;联合治疗组患者的临床症状改善情况优于单纯西药组(Z=-2.363,P=0.018)。⑧生活质量。治疗结束1周后,联合治疗组改善16例、稳定10例、降低4例,单纯西药组改善9例、稳定8例、降低13例;联合治疗组患者的生活质量高于单纯西药组(Z=-2.430,P=0.015)。⑨其他。治疗过程中,单纯西药组6例应用促红细胞生成素、3例输注血小板,联合治疗组无1例采取上述措施。结论:对于恶性骨肿瘤化疗后骨髓抑制患者,在采用重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子皮下注射治疗的基础上,应用健脾补肾中药口服治疗,可以增加外周血液中白细胞计数、血红蛋白含量及血小板计数,减轻骨髓抑制程度,有利于改善临床症状、提高生活质量,其疗效优于单纯采用重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子皮下注射治疗。     

Comparison of Fracture Prediction Tools in Individuals Without and With Early Chronic Kidney Disease: A Population-Based Analysis of CARTaGENE

Whether fracture prediction tools developed for the management of osteoporosis can be used in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is poorly known. We aimed to compare the performance of fracture prediction tools in non-CKD and CKD. We analyzed CARTaGENE, a population-based survey of 40-year-old to 69-year-old individuals recruited between 2009 and 2010. Renal function was assessed using baseline creatinine and categorized according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines (non-CKD, stage 2, stage 3). Individuals without creatinine measurements or with advanced CKD (stage 4 or 5; prevalence <0.25%) were excluded. Predicted 5-year fracture probabilities (using Fracture Risk Assessment Tool [FRAX], QFracture, and Garvan) were computed at baseline. Fracture incidence (major fracture [MOF] or any fracture) was evaluated in administrative databases from recruitment to March 2016. Discrimination (hazard ratios [HRs] per standard deviation [SD] increase in Cox models; c-statistics) and calibration (standardized incidence ratios [SIRs] before and after recalibration) were assessed in each CKD strata. We included 19,393 individuals (9522 non-CKD; 9114 stage 2; 757 stage 3). A total of 830 patients had any fracture during follow-up, including 352 MOF. FRAX (HR = 1.89 [1.63–2.20] non-CKD; 1.64 [1.41–1.91] stage 2; 1.76 [1.10–2.82] stage 3) and QFracture (HR = 1.90 [1.62–2.22] non-CKD; 1.57 [1.35–1.82] stage 2; 1.86 [1.19–2.91] stage 3) discriminated MOF similarly in non-CKD and CKD. In contrast, the discrimination of Garvan for any fracture tended to be lower in CKD stage 3 compared to non-CKD and CKD stage 2 (HR = 1.36 [1.22–1.52] non-CKD; 1.34 [1.20–1.50] stage 2; 1.11 [0.79–1.55] stage 3). Before recalibration, FRAX globally overestimated fracture risk while QFracture and Garvan globally underestimated fracture risk. After recalibration, FRAX and QFracture were adequately calibrated for MOF in all CKD strata whereas Garvan tended to underestimate any fracture risk in CKD stage 3 (SIR = 1.31 [0.95–1.81]). In conclusion, the discrimination and calibration of FRAX and QFracture is similar in non-CKD and CKD. Garvan may have a lower discrimination in CKD stage 3 and underestimate fracture risk in these patients. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Kidney Stones: A Fetal Origins Hypothesis

Kidney stones are common, with a multifactorial etiology involving dietary, environmental, and genetic factors. In addition, patients with nephrolithiasis are at greater risk of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis, although the basis for this is not fully understood. All of these renal stone–associated conditions have also been linked with adverse early‐life events, including low–birth weight, and it has been suggested that this developmental effect is due to excess exposure to maternal glucocorticoids in utero. This is proposed to result in long‐term increased hypothalamic‐pituitary‐axis activation; there are mechanisms through which this effect could also promote urinary lithogenic potential. We therefore hypothesize that the association between renal stone disease and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis may be related by a common pathway of programming in early life, which, if validated, would implicate the developmental origins hypothesis in the etiology of nephrolithiasis. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

术后抗炎汤对白内障晶体植入术患者白细胞介素2及其受体的影响

[目的]探讨具有补益肝肾、益气活血、祛风清热作用的术后抗炎汤(主要由黄芪、当归、枸杞、生地、防风、白 术、桑叶、菊花、钧藤等中药组成)对白内障患者手术后血清与泪液白介素2(IL-2)和可溶性白介素2受体(SIL-2R)的 影响及其临床意义。[方法]将47例行超声乳化加人工晶体植入术的白内障患者随机分为对照组(26例)和中药组(21 例),对照组给予常规手术和滴眼液,中药组在对照组的药物治疗基础上加用术后抗炎汤。另选15例门诊体检的健康老年 人为正常组。检测白内障患者手术前后血清和泪液IL-2和SIL-2R水平的变化。[结果]对照组和中药组术后血清SIL-2R均 比术前升高(均P<0.01),而中药组术后泪液SIL-2R与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),对照组术后血清和泪液 IL-2和SIL-2R水平高于中药组和正常组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。[结论]术后抗炎汤通过调节眼局部免疫功能,能有效减 轻白内障术后的炎症反应。     

疏肝健脾汤治疗缺铁性贫血的临床研究

[目的]观察疏肝健脾汤(由柴胡、陈皮、党参、黄芪、紫河车、阿胶、白术、山楂、大枣等中药组成)治疗缺铁性贫血(IDA)的临床疗效,并初步探讨其作用机制。[方法]171例缺铁性贫血患者按就诊先后顺序分为治疗组和对照组.治疗组用疏肝健脾汤,对照组用硫酸亚铁,均连续用药4周,观察治疗后贫血症状、体征改善情况,并检测两组治疗前后血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞(RBC)、血清铁蛋白(SF)等指标以评价两种药物对IDA的疗效。[结果]两组治疗后IDA的症状、体征、贫血及缺铁状态均有不同程度改善(与治疗前比较P<0.01),治疗组促进IDA体征、贫血及缺铁状态的改善明显优于对照组(均P<0.01),且在治疗过程中未出现不良反应。[结论]疏肝健脾汤治疗缺铁性贫血疗效优于硫酸亚铁。     

降糖三黄片对糖尿病大鼠肾脏转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

【目的】观察降糖三黄片对糖尿病大鼠肾脏转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的影响。【方法】选用SPF级Wistar大鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、中药组和西药组,采用高脂饲料加链脲佐菌素(STZ,剂量为30 mg/kg)腹腔注射法复制2型糖尿病大鼠模型,造模成功后进行8周给药,中药组予以降糖三黄片(剂量为787.5 mg.kg-1.d-1),西药组予以开博通(剂量为4 mg.kg-1.d-1)。实验末腹主动脉采血检测各组血糖、血脂、胆固醇和胰岛素水平及24 h尿蛋白定量;摘取左侧肾脏称质量并计算肾质量指数;采用免疫组织化学法检测肾组织TGF-β1蛋白的表达。【结果】中药组血糖、血脂、胰岛素水平显著下降,胰岛素敏感指数显著上升,与模型组和开博通组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);中药组肾质量指数显著低于模型组(P<0.05),24 h尿蛋白总量与TGF-β1蛋白表达均显著低于模型组(P<0.01)。【结论】降糖三黄片可通过改善糖尿病模型大鼠血糖、血脂和胰岛素抵抗,减少尿蛋白的排泄,抑制TGF-β1表达,从而保护肾功能,延缓糖尿病肾病的发展。     

清养透解法干预MRL/lpr小鼠Th1/Th2细胞因子失衡的研究

【目的】观察清养透解法对MRL/lpr小鼠Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡的影响。【方法】选用24只雌性MRL/lpr小鼠随机分为中药组、西药组、中西医结合组、模型对照组,另取6只雌性BALB/c小鼠为正常对照组。中药组给予清养透解合剂(剂量为9.5 g.kg-1.d-1),西药组给予强的松(剂量为10 mg.kg-1.d-1)灌胃,中西医结合组给予强的松合并清养透解合剂灌胃,模型对照组给予生理盐水灌胃,给药6周,正常对照组则不给任何处理。6周后取血检测干扰素(IFN-γ),白细胞介素(IL-12、IL-10、IL-4)水平,并观察小鼠肾脏病理变化。【结果】各治疗组小鼠血清IFN-γ、IL-12水平无显著变化(P>0.05);中药组、西药组、中西医结合组与模型对照组比较,均能显著降低血清IL-10、IL-4水平,提高血清IFN-γ/IL-4比值,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),中西医结合组能显著升高血清IL-12/IL-10比值(P<0.01);各治疗组均能不同程度改善肾组织病理形态变化。【结论】清养透解法对系统性红斑狼疮的治疗作用与其能调节Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡,改善肾组织炎性病理改变有关。     

共刺激分子在复感儿中医分型中的表达研究

[目的]通过观察反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)非急性感染期肺脾气虚、肺脾气阴两虚型患儿(简称"复感儿")T细胞CD8+CD28+的表达,探讨两个证型T淋巴细胞亚群的表达特点及临床意义,为RRll的中医辨证提供可能的物质基础及客观依据.[方法]选择RRTI非急性期肺脾气虚、肺脾气阴两虚患儿各30例,运用流式细胞仪对RRTI患...